Neuro health conditions
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A-Z Neuro Health Conditions
We can provide a Virtual Second Opinion and also serve as your Neurologist to help you navigate the following complex Neurological and Neuromuscular conditions.
Motor Neuron Disorders (ALS, PLS, PMA)
Motor neuron diseases are serious conditions that damage the nerve cells controlling movement. The most recognized is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), but there are others such as Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS) and Progressive Muscular Atrophy (PMA).
These diseases may cause:
Muscle weakness and stiffness
At Premier Neuro Health, care is led by internationally recognized neurologist Dr. Souayah. Using advanced EMG/NCS studies, imaging, genetic testing, and biomarker analysis, we confirm or clarify diagnoses with precision.
Inflammatory Neuropathies: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) and Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)
These are conditions in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the nerves. This damage interferes with the ability of nerves to send signals to muscles, causing weakness, numbness, or pain.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) usually starts suddenly, often days to weeks after an infection. Symptoms may include:
Tingling in the feet and hands
Rapidly spreading muscle weakness, often starting in the legs and moving upward
Difficulty walking or climbing stairs
Trouble with balance or coordination
In severe cases, weakness of the breathing muscles, requiring urgent medical care
GBS can worsen quickly, sometimes within days, so early recognition and treatment are critical.
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) develops more slowly. Symptoms often progress over weeks to months and may include:
Gradual weakness in arms and legs
Numbness or tingling in hands and feet
Loss of reflexes
Difficulty with grip strength or climbing stairs
Fatigue and reduced stamina
Unlike GBS, CIDP tends to last longer and may relapse or become chronic.
At Premier Neuro Health, every case is reviewed with advanced EMG/NCS testing, imaging, and decades of experience. Dr. Souayah is internationally recognized for accurately distinguishing GBS and CIDP from similar conditions.
This precision matters because treatments such as IVIG, plasmapheresis, corticosteroids, or newer biologic therapies can stop or even reverse the disease when started promptly.
Most importantly, you don’t have to wait months for an appointment. At Premier Neuro Health, patients can be seen within days, either for a second opinion or a first-time evaluation. This means faster clarity, earlier treatment, and greater peace of mind for you and your family.
Autoimmune Neuropathies
Autoimmune neuropathies occur when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own nerves. These conditions are rare but can be disabling. They may appear after autoimmune diseases such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, following certain infections, or, in rare cases, after a vaccination.
Types include:
Vasculitic neuropathies, where inflamed blood vessels cut off blood supply to nerves, leading to sudden pain, weakness, or numbness.
Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), which causes weakness in the arms and hands, often without numbness, and may mimic motor neuron disease.
Post-vaccine immune neuropathies, which are uncommon but may trigger tingling, weakness, or balance issues.
Symptoms often include:
Muscle weakness (sometimes in one limb, sometimes widespread)
Numbness, tingling, or burning pain
Loss of reflexes
Problems with grip strength, walking, or fine motor tasks
At Premier Neuro Health, care is led by internationally recognized neurologist Dr. Souayah. With advanced antibody testing, biomarker analysis, and expert clinical evaluation, we identify when targeted immunotherapy is needed and select the most effective treatment—whether IVIG, immunosuppressants, or biologic therapies.
Most importantly, you don’t have to wait months for answers. At Premier Neuro Health, patients are seen within days, for a second opinion. This means faster diagnosis, timely treatment, and a better chance of protecting both function and long-term quality of life.
Diabetic Neuropathy
Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes, affecting up to half of patients over time. Symptoms may include:
Burning pain or tingling in the feet and legs
Numbness that increases the risk of unnoticed injuries
Balance problems or unsteady walking
Foot ulcers that may lead to infection or amputation if untreated
Because these symptoms can overlap with other neuropathies, misdiagnosis is frequent. Many patients spend years with inadequate or incorrect treatment.
At Premier Neuro Health, diabetic neuropathy evaluations are led by Dr. Nizar Souayah, an internationally recognized neurologist and pioneer in this field. He holds a U.S. patent for a method that identifies diabetic neuropathy, which is often missed in routine practice but may respond to advanced therapies.
During a second-opinion or virtual consultation, we review EMG/NCS studies, bloodwork, imaging, and prior treatments in detail. From there, we design an individualized plan that may include optimized diabetes management, immune-based therapies when appropriate, integrative strategies to protect nerves and blood vessels, and evidence-based pain relief.
Patients benefit from:
Definitive diagnostic clarity – ruling out conditions that mimic diabetic neuropathy
Access to advanced therapies – including immunotherapy when indicated
Holistic management – addressing both symptoms and underlying contributors
Fast access – appointments available within days, not months
For many, this marks the turning point from uncertainty to a clear diagnosis and a forward-looking treatment plan.
Complex Peripheral Neuropathy
Some neuropathies have multiple overlapping causes—from diabetes and autoimmune disease to toxins or genetic predisposition. Patients often experience:
Chronic numbness, tingling, or burning pain
Progressive weakness in arms or legs
Difficulty with coordination or balance
Years of inconclusive testing and ineffective treatment
As the founding director of multiple Centers of Excellence, Dr. Souayah has unparalleled expertise in untangling overlapping causes of nerve damage. At Premier Neuro Health, every review includes a careful reinterpretation of EMG/NCS, biomarker and genetic testing, and a full analysis of symptoms and prior history. The goal is to identify all contributing factors and map a path forward.
Treatment plans may include conventional medications, physical therapy, novel immunotherapies, or integrative strategies for long-term pain relief and improved nerve function.
Patients frequently report that this approach provides solutions when other evaluations have failed. And because delays worsen outcomes, we see patients within days for second opinions.
Hereditary Neuropathy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth and others)
Hereditary neuropathies such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) affect families across generations. Symptoms often begin in childhood or young adulthood and may include:
Weakness in the feet, ankles, or hands
Foot deformities such as high arches or hammer toes
Balance problems and gait instability
Gradual progression that limits independence over time
At Premier Neuro Health, hereditary neuropathy evaluations combine advanced genetic testing, family counseling, and personalized care planning. We focus on maintaining independence through braces, therapy, and access to new therapies under research.
Families benefit from clear explanations of the genetic basis of disease, compassionate guidance, and opportunities to connect with clinical research.
Spine Disorders (Radiculopathy, Stenosis, Disc Disease)
Spinal problems are among the most common causes of disabling pain and neurological symptoms. They can present with:
Back or neck pain
Tingling or numbness in the arms, hands, legs, or feet
Weakness that makes lifting, gripping, or walking difficult
Radiating pain down the arm or leg
Balance problems or fatigue when standing or walking
These symptoms often mimic neuromuscular conditions, which is why misdiagnosis is common. Many patients spend years visiting multiple specialists without clear answers.
At Premier Neuro Health, spine evaluations are led by Dr. Nizar Souayah, a triple board-certified neurologist with decades of experience in neurology, neuromuscular medicine, and electrodiagnostic testing. His expertise allows us to distinguish between nerve compression caused by spinal disease and primary neuromuscular disorders—ensuring patients receive the right diagnosis and the right treatment plan.
Conditions We Commonly Evaluate
Cervical and lumbar radiculopathy (pinched nerve roots)
Degenerative disc disease progressive spinal wear and tear leading to nerve irritation
Herniated discs disc material pressing on nerves and causing radiating pain
Spinal stenosis narrowing of the spinal canal causing back pain, leg weakness, and walking difficulty
Chronic back and neck pain when prior evaluations have been inconclusive
Precision Testing and Diagnosis
A cornerstone of our approach is advanced electrodiagnostic testing (EMG/NCS). Unlike MRI or CT scans—which often show degenerative changes that may not be the real cause of symptoms—EMG/NCS confirms whether nerve roots are compressed or whether a different neuromuscular disorder is involved.
Why Patients Choose Premier Neuro Health
Many patients turn to us after years of unresolved pain, conflicting diagnoses, or before making decisions about spine surgery. With our combination of specialized expertise, advanced testing, and virtual accessibility, you can be seen within days for either a second opinion or a full consultation focused on diagnosis, management, and treatment planning.
This approach provides clarity, avoids unnecessary procedures, and gives patients a clear path to lasting pain relief and improved mobility.
Why Patients Choose Premier Neuro Health
Many patients turn to us after years of unresolved pain, conflicting diagnoses, or before making decisions about spine surgery. With our combination of specialized expertise, advanced testing, and virtual accessibility, you can be seen within days for either a second opinion or a full consultation focused on diagnosis, management, and treatment planning.
This approach provides clarity, avoids unnecessary procedures, and gives patients a clear path to lasting pain relief and improved mobility.
Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
Myasthenia Gravis is a disorder where communication between nerves and muscles breaks down. This leads to fluctuating weakness that worsens with activity and improves with rest. Common symptoms include:
Drooping eyelids or double vision
Difficulty chewing, swallowing, or speaking clearly
Fatigue in arms and legs
Shortness of breath in more severe cases
Because symptoms can mimic other neurological conditions, misdiagnosis is common.
At Premier Neuro Health, every Myasthenia Gravis diagnosis is confirmed using advanced antibody testing, precision EMG studies, and careful clinical evaluation. Treatment plans are individualized and may include medications, immunosuppressants, IVIG, plasmapheresis, or cutting-edge biologics such as complement and FcRn inhibitors.
Patients turn to us for second opinion or first-time evaluation when they need certainty, safe treatment choices, and fast access—appointments are available within days.
Inflammatory Myopathies (Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis, IBM)
Inflammatory myopathies are autoimmune muscle diseases that cause progressive weakness. Symptoms vary by type:
Polymyositis: symmetric weakness in the hips and shoulders
Dermatomyositis: weakness with skin rashes
Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM): gradual weakness in thighs, hands, and forearms, often mistaken for other conditions
Patients may notice difficulty climbing stairs, rising from a chair, lifting objects, or gripping with their hands.
At Premier Neuro Health, evaluations include muscle biopsy review, antibody testing, and MRI analysis to confirm the exact subtype. Therapy is then tailored to the diagnosis—using immunosuppressants, IVIG, or biologics for responsive types, and supportive therapy for IBM.
Second opinions and virtual consultations are available within days, ensuring patients don’t face delays in diagnosis or treatment.
Muscular Dystrophy
Muscular dystrophies are genetic conditions such as Duchenne, Becker, FSHD, and LGMD that cause progressive muscle weakness over time. Families may see:
Delayed walking or frequent falls in children
Progressive weakness in arms, legs, or facial muscles
Difficulty with mobility, climbing stairs, or lifting objects
Gradual loss of independence in severe cases
At Premier Neuro Health, we provide expert evaluation with genetic interpretation, functional assessments, and long-term care planning. We also connect families to research networks and clinical trials, offering access to emerging genetic and molecular therapies.
Post-COVID Neurological Syndromes
COVID-19 has left many patients with persistent neurological complications that last months or even years after the initial infection. Common post-COVID issues include neuropathy (burning pain, numbness, tingling), dysautonomia and POTS (lightheadedness, rapid heart rate on standing), autonomic dysfunction (blood pressure swings, sweating abnormalities, temperature intolerance), post-viral myopathy (muscle weakness, cramps, and fatigue), cognitive impairment (“brain fog”) with difficulty concentrating and slowed processing, chronic fatigue, and lingering pain syndromes that resemble fibromyalgia.
These conditions are highly complex because they overlap with autoimmune disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, psychiatric illness, and musculoskeletal pain, leading many patients to feel dismissed or misdiagnosed. Standard evaluations often return “normal” results, leaving patients without answers.
Dr. Souayah has been a pioneer in post-COVID neurology. He has categorized these syndromes in academic research and patient care, applying his unique expertise in neurology, immunology, and functional medicine. Unlike standard clinics where symptoms may be addressed isolation, Dr. Souayah personally conducts a comprehensive review of every record — including EMG/NCS to assess neuropathy, autonomic testing for dysautonomia, antibody panels to identify immune triggers, metabolic and biomarker analysis, and advanced imaging when needed.
At Premier Neuro Health, virtual consultations often uncover inflammatory neuropathies, post-viral immune complications, or autonomic disorders that respond to targeted therapies. Based on Dr. Souayah’s authoritative review, patients may be guided to IVIG, immunomodulators, autonomic rehabilitation, neuromuscular therapy, or tailored functional medicine programs.
Autoimmune Encephalitis & Neuroimmune Disorders
Autoimmune encephalitis happens when the immune system attacks the brain. It can cause seizures, confusion, hallucinations, memory loss, unusual movements, or sudden changes in personality. Related immune disorders can also affect the spinal cord and nerves, making diagnosis especially difficult.
These conditions are often mistaken for psychiatric illness, viral infections, or epilepsy. Many patients are hospitalized repeatedly before the true cause is recognized.
At Premier Neuro Health, evaluations include antibody testing, brain MRI, EEG studies, spinal fluid analysis, and screening for hidden cancers that may trigger autoimmune disease. With this full review, Dr. Souayah identifies the true diagnosis and creates a treatment plan that may include steroids, IVIG, plasma exchange, or biologic therapies.
Early treatment is critical because it can reverse symptoms and prevent lasting disability. With second opinions and virtual consultations available within days, patients and families get answers quickly and avoid dangerous delays.
Neuroimmunological Overlap Syndromes
Some patients have symptoms that don’t fit neatly into one condition. They may show features of multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), myelitis, or inflammatory neuropathies at the same time. Misdiagnosis is common, with patients placed on the wrong medications for years.
Warning signs include:
An “MS” diagnosis that doesn’t fully explain symptoms
NMOSD patients given MS drugs that make the disease worse
MOG antibody disease mistaken for recurrent optic neuritis or atypical MS
Overlap with lupus or Sjögren’s disease, adding more complexity
Unlike GBS, CIDP tends to last longer and may relapse or become chronic.
At Premier Neuro Health, every case is reviewed with advanced EMG/NCS testing, imaging, and decades of experience. Dr. Souayah is internationally recognized for accurately distinguishing GBS and CIDP from similar conditions.
This precision matters because treatments such as IVIG, plasmapheresis, corticosteroids, or newer biologic therapies can stop or even reverse the disease when started promptly.
Most importantly, you don’t have to wait months for an appointment. At Premier Neuro Health, patients can be seen within days, either for a second opinion or a first-time evaluation. This means faster clarity, earlier treatment, and greater peace of mind for you and your family.
Expert care without the wait
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases with Neurological Involvement
Conditions such as lupus, Sjögren’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and sarcoidosis can attack the nervous system. Symptoms may include seizures, cognitive problems, neuropathy, or spinal cord inflammation. Because these mimic MS or epilepsy, patients are often misdiagnosed.
At Premier Neuro Health, evaluations focus on separating primary neurological disease from autoimmune complications. This includes imaging, spinal fluid review, antibody testing, and systemic evaluation of skin, joints, lungs, and kidneys.
Our treatment plans combine the right neurological care with rheumatology-directed therapies, including immunosuppressants, biologics, and symptom management. With appointments available within days, patients finally receive care that considers the full picture of their disease.
Infectious Neurological Complications
Certain infections can directly damage the brain, spinal cord, or nerves, leading to confusion and frequent misdiagnosis. Examples include:
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) – slowed thinking, memory loss, neuropathy
Neurosyphilis – strokes, dementia, psychiatric changes
Lyme disease – painful nerve inflammation, facial weakness, meningitis
Hepatitis-related complications – neuropathy or spinal cord inflammation
These conditions are often confused with MS, CIDP, or psychiatric illness, delaying life-saving treatment.
At Premier Neuro Health, evaluations include detailed review of infectious labs, spinal fluid analysis, imaging, and EMG/NCS studies. We coordinate with infectious disease specialists but ensure all neurological interpretation and guidance come directly from us.
Our second opinions and virtual consultations (available within days) guide timely use of antibiotics, antivirals, or immune therapies—preventing permanent disability.
Mitochondrial & Metabolic Neurological Disorders
Mitochondrial and metabolic disorders such as MELAS affect both the brain and body. Symptoms may include:
Stroke-like episodes in young adults
Seizures that don’t respond to usual treatment
Progressive muscle weakness or exercise intolerance
Neuropathy with tingling or numbness
Hearing loss, diabetes, or heart problems
Because symptoms overlap with MS, epilepsy, or psychiatric illness, patients often go years without the correct diagnosis.
At Premier Neuro Health, evaluations include genetic testing, metabolic studies, muscle biopsy review, and integration of systemic findings from other specialties. While cures are limited, patients are provided with management strategies—nutritional support, rehabilitation, and access to clinical trials exploring new therapies.
Second opinions and virtual consultations within days offer families definitive answers, realistic planning, and hope through access to evolving treatments.
Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) Overlap Cases
Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) causes symptoms such as weakness, tremors, seizures, or paralysis without visible nerve damage. Many patients, however, have both FND and true neurological disease, making diagnosis complicated.
Challenges include stigma (“it’s all psychological”) and missed diagnoses of genuine neurological illness.
At Premier Neuro Health, we re-examine all records—MRI, EEG, EMG, and labs—to separate functional from structural disease. We provide balanced guidance: neurological treatment when organic disease is found, rehabilitation or psychotherapy when functional features predominate.
Patients benefit from respectful communication and accurate diagnosis that finally resolves years of conflicting opinions. Appointments are available within days through second opinion.
Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes
Paraneoplastic syndromes are immune-mediated neurological disorders triggered by cancer. In many cases, the neurological symptoms appear before the cancer is detected, making diagnosis exceptionally difficult.
Common presentations include:
Rapidly progressive cognitive decline or dementia
Cerebellar ataxia with imbalance and coordination problems
Peripheral neuropathy or sensory loss
Seizures or encephalitis
Myelopathy with weakness and bladder dysfunction
At Premier Neuro Health, evaluations include antibody testing, MRI/PET imaging, biopsy review, and coordination with oncology. Our role is to detect the underlying cancer early and treat the immune complications at the same time.
With virtual consultations available within days, patients gain both life-saving cancer detection and protection of neurological function.
Any complex, unexplained neurological disorder
For many, this second opinion represents the turning point from uncertainty to a clear diagnosis and structured recovery plan, delivered directly by one of the world’s leading neurology experts.
If you are living with a complex or unresolved neurological disorder, you don’t need to remain in uncertainty. Wherever you are in the world, you can connect directly with Dr. Nizar Souayah for an authoritative, compassionate, and precision-driven second opinion.
Take the Next Step
Ready to Take the Next Step?
Dr. Nizar Souayah is uniquely positioned to deliver expert second opinions, precision neurology consultations, and concierge neuromuscular care—all virtually. Wherever you are in the world, you can connect directly with one of the foremost authorities in neurology.
Ready to Take the Next Step?
Dr. Nizar Souayah is uniquely positioned to deliver expert second opinions, precision neurology consultations, and concierge neuromuscular care—all virtually. Wherever you are in the world, you can connect directly with one of the foremost authorities in neurology.